For these four subjects, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline in supine and standing systolic blood pressures were 14.8 mmHg and 21.5 mmHg, respectively. Two of these subjects had a standing SBP < 85mmHg. Both of these subjects were protocol violators, one due to a low baseline standing SBP, and the other due to baseline orthostatic hypotension. Study 2: Sildenafil tablets with DoxazosinIn the second study, a single oral dose of sildenafil tablets 50 mg or matching placebo was administered in a 2-period crossover design to 20 generally healthy males with BPH.

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Following at least 14 consecutive days of doxazosin, sildenafil tablets 50 mg or matching placebo was administered simultaneously with doxazosin 4 mg (17 subjects) or with doxazosin 8 mg (3 subjects). The mean subject age in this study was 63.9 years.Twenty subjects received sildenafil tablets 50 mg, but only 19 subjects received matching placebo.

Warnings & Precautions

A total dose of 40 mg sildenafil was administered by four intravenous infusions.The results from this pilot study are shown in Table 3; the mean resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 7% and 10% compared to baseline in these patients. Mean resting values for right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occluded pressure and cardiac output decreased by 28%, 28%, 20% and 7% respectively. Even though this total dosage produced plasma sildenafil concentrations which were approximately 2 to 5 times higher than the mean maximum plasma concentrations following a single oral dose of 100 mg in healthy male volunteers, the hemodynamic response to exercise was preserved in these patients.Table 3. Hemodynamic Data in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease after Intravenous Administration of 40 mg of SildenafilIn a double-blind study, 144 patients with erectile dysfunction and chronic stable angina limited by exercise, not receiving chronic oral nitrates, were randomized to a single dose of placebo or sildenafil tablets 100 mg 1 hour prior to exercise testing. The primary endpoint was time to limiting angina in the evaluable cohort.

How is sildenafil supplied (dosage forms)?

The mean times (adjusted for baseline) to onset of limiting angina were 423.6 and 403.7 seconds for sildenafil (N=70) and placebo, respectively. These results demonstrated that the effect of sildenafil tablets on the primary endpoint was statistically non-inferior to placebo.Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Vision:At single oral doses of 100 mg and 200 mg, transient dose-related impairment of color discrimination was detected using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, with peak effects near the time of peak plasma levels. This finding is consistent with the inhibition of PDE6, which is involved in phototransduction in the retina. Subjects in the study reported this finding as difficulties in discriminating blue/green. An evaluation of visual function at doses up to twice the maximum recommended dose revealed no effects of sildenafil tablets on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or pupillometry.Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Sperm:There was no effect on sperm motility or morphology after single 100 mg oral doses of sildenafil tablets in healthy volunteers.12.3 PharmacokineticsSildenafil tablets are rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with a mean absolute bioavailability of 41% (range 25 to 63%).

What should I know about sildenafil before taking it?

The pharmacokinetics of sildenafil are dose-proportional over the recommended dose range. It is eliminated predominantly by hepatic metabolism (mainly CYP3A4) and is converted to an active metabolite with properties similar to the parent, sildenafil. Both sildenafil and the metabolite have terminal half lives of about 4 hours.Mean sildenafil plasma concentrations measured after the administration of a single oral dose of 100 mg to healthy male volunteers is depicted below:Figure 5: Mean Sildenafil Plasma Concentrationsin Healthy Male Volunteers.Absorption and Distribution: Sildenafil tablets are rapidly absorbed. Maximum observed plasma concentrations are reached within 30 to 120 minutes (median 60 minutes) of oral dosing in the fasted state. One patient discontinued the study prematurely due to an adverse event of hypotension following dosing with sildenafil tablets 50 mg.

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This patient had been taking minoxidil, a potent vasodilator, during the study.For the 19 subjects who received both sildenafil tablets and matching placebo, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure were as follows:The mean profiles of the change from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure in subjects treated with doxazosin in combination with 50 mg sildenafil tablets or matching placebo are shown in Figure 3.Figure 3: Mean Standing Systolic Blood Pressure Change from BaselineBlood pressure was measured after administration of sildenafil tablets at the same times as those specified for the first doxazosin study. There were two subjects who had a standing SBP of < 85 mmHg. In these two subjects, hypotension was reported as a moderately severe adverse event, beginning at approximately 1 hour after administration of sildenafil tablets 50 mg and resolving after approximately 7.5 hours. There was one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP >30mmHg following sildenafil tablets 50 mg and one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following both sildenafil tablets 50 mg and placebo. There were no severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure and no episodes of syncope reported in this study.Study 3: Sildenafil tablets with DoxazosinIn the third study, a single oral dose of sildenafil tablets 100 mg or matching placebo was administered in a 3-period crossover design to 20 generally healthy males with BPH.

8.1 Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects

In dose period 1, subjects were administered open-label doxazosin and a single dose of sildenafil tablets 50 mg simultaneously, after at least 14 consecutive days of doxazosin.

Potential Side Effects:

Does sildenafil interact with foods or drinks?

What should I do if I miss a dose of sildenafil?

If a subject did not successfully complete this first dosing period, he was discontinued from the study. Subjects who had successfully completed the previous doxazosin interaction study (using sildenafil tablets 50 mg), including no significant hemodynamic adverse events, were allowed to skip dose period 1. Treatment with doxazosin continued for at least 7 days after dose period 1.

Drug Label Information

For these four subjects, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline in supine and standing systolic blood pressures were 14.8 mmHg and 21.5 mmHg, respectively. Two of these subjects had a standing SBP < 85mmHg. Both of these subjects were protocol violators, one due to a low baseline standing SBP, and the other due to baseline orthostatic hypotension. Study 2: Sildenafil tablets with DoxazosinIn the second study, a single oral dose of sildenafil tablets 50 mg or matching placebo was administered in a 2-period crossover design to 20 generally healthy males with BPH. Following at least 14 consecutive days of doxazosin, sildenafil tablets 50 mg or matching placebo was administered simultaneously with doxazosin 4 mg (17 subjects) or with doxazosin 8 mg (3 subjects).

What are the most common side effects of sildenafil?

The mean subject age in this study was 63.9 years.Twenty subjects received sildenafil tablets 50 mg, but only 19 subjects received matching placebo. One patient discontinued the study prematurely due to an adverse event of hypotension following dosing with sildenafil tablets 50 mg. This patient had been taking minoxidil, a potent vasodilator, during the study.For the 19 subjects who received both sildenafil tablets and matching placebo, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure were as follows:The mean profiles of the change from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure in subjects treated with doxazosin in combination with 50 mg sildenafil tablets or matching placebo are shown in Figure 3.Figure 3: Mean Standing Systolic Blood Pressure Change from BaselineBlood pressure was measured after administration of sildenafil tablets at the same times as those specified for the first doxazosin study. There were two subjects who had a standing SBP of < 85 mmHg. In these two subjects, hypotension was reported as a moderately severe adverse event, beginning at approximately 1 hour after administration of sildenafil tablets 50 mg and resolving after approximately 7.5 hours.

Less common

There was one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP >30mmHg following sildenafil tablets 50 mg and one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following both sildenafil tablets 50 mg and placebo. There were no severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure and no episodes of syncope reported in this study.Study 3: Sildenafil tablets with DoxazosinIn the third study, a single oral dose of sildenafil tablets 100 mg or matching placebo was administered in a 3-period crossover design to 20 generally healthy males with BPH. In dose period 1, subjects were administered open-label doxazosin and a single dose of sildenafil tablets 50 mg simultaneously, after at least 14 consecutive days of doxazosin. If a subject did not successfully complete this first dosing period, he was discontinued from the study. Subjects who had successfully completed the previous doxazosin interaction study (using sildenafil tablets 50 mg), including no significant hemodynamic adverse events, were allowed to skip dose period 1. Thereafter, sildenafil tablets 100 mg or matching placebo was administered simultaneously with doxazosin 4 mg (14 subjects) or doxazosin 8 mg (6 subjects) in standard crossover fashion. The mean subject age in this study was 66.4 years.Twenty-five subjects were screened. Two were discontinued after study period 1: one failed to meet pre-dose screening qualifications and the other experienced symptomatic hypotension as a moderately severe adverse event 30 minutes after dosing with open-label sildenafil tablets 50 mg.

5.3 Effects on the Eye

Of the twenty subjects who were ultimately assigned to treatment, a total of 13 subjects successfully completed dose period 1, and seven had successfully completed the previous doxazosin study (using sildenafil tablets 50 mg).For the 20 subjects who received sildenafil tablets 100 mg and matching placebo, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure were as follows:The mean profiles of the change from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure in subjects treated with doxazosin in combination with 100 mg sildenafil tablets or matching placebo are shown in Figure 4.Figure 4: Mean Standing Systolic Blood Pressure Change from BaselineBlood pressure was measured after administration of sildenafil tablets at the same times as those specified for the previous doxazosin studies. There were three subjects who had a standing SBP of < 85 mmHg. All three were taking sildenafil tablets 100 mg, and all three reported mild adverse events at the time of reductions in standing SBP, including vasodilation and lightheadedness.

  • Side effects may include dizziness, nasal congestion, or upset stomach.
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There were four subjects with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following sildenafil tablets 100 mg, one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following placebo and one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following both sildenafil tablets and placebo. While there were no severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure reported in this study, one subject reported moderate vasodilatation after both sildenafil tablets 50 mg and 100 mg.

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There were no episodes of syncope reported in this study.Effect of Sildenafil Tablets on Blood Pressure When Co-administered with Anti-hypertensives: When sildenafil tablets 100 mg oral was co-administered with amlodipine, 5 mg or 10 mg oral, to hypertensive patients, the mean additional reduction on supine blood pressure was 8 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.Effect of Sildenafil Tablets on Blood Pressure When Co-administered with Alcohol: Sildenafil tablets (50 mg) did not potentiate the hypotensive effect of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) in healthy volunteers with mean maximum blood alcohol levels of 0.08%. The maximum observed decrease in systolic blood pressure was -18.5 mmHg when sildenafil was co-administered with alcohol versus -17.4 canada sildenafil mmHg when alcohol was administered alone. The maximum observed decrease in diastolic blood pressure was -17.2 mmHg when sildenafil was co-administered with alcohol versus -11.1 mmHg when alcohol was administered alone. There were no reports of postural dizziness or orthostatic hypotension. The maximum recommended dose of 100 mg sildenafil was not evaluated in this study [see Drug Interactions(7.5)].Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Cardiac Parameters:Single oral doses of sildenafil up to 100 mg produced no clinically relevant changes in the ECGs of normal male volunteers.Studies have produced relevant data on the effects of sildenafil tablets on cardiac output. In one small, open-label, uncontrolled, pilot study, eight patients with stable ischemic heart disease underwent Swan-Ganz catheterization.

Condition or Medication Risk Factors Recommendations
Heart disease Increased cardiovascular risk Consult doctor before use
Nitrates medications Severe hypotension Do not combine with sildenafil
Liver or kidney impairment Altered drug metabolism Dose adjustments needed
Recent stroke or bleeding Increased bleeding risk Avoid or seek medical advice
Hypotension Or fluctuating blood pressure Use with caution

A total dose of 40 mg sildenafil was administered by four intravenous infusions.The results from this pilot study are shown in Table 3; the mean resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased by 7% and 10% compared to baseline in these patients.

7.4 Ritonavir and other CYP3A4 inhibitors

Treatment with doxazosin continued for at least 7 days after dose period 1. Thereafter, sildenafil tablets 100 mg or matching placebo was administered simultaneously with doxazosin 4 mg (14 subjects) or doxazosin 8 mg (6 subjects) in standard crossover fashion. The mean subject age in this study was 66.4 years.Twenty-five subjects were screened. Two were discontinued after study period 1: one failed to meet pre-dose screening qualifications and the other experienced symptomatic hypotension as a moderately severe adverse event 30 minutes after dosing with open-label sildenafil tablets 50 mg. Of the twenty subjects who were ultimately assigned to treatment, a total of 13 subjects successfully completed dose period 1, and seven had successfully completed the previous doxazosin study (using sildenafil tablets 50 mg).For the 20 subjects who received sildenafil tablets 100 mg and matching placebo, the placebo-subtracted mean maximum decreases from baseline (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure were as follows:The mean profiles of the change from baseline in standing systolic blood pressure in subjects treated with doxazosin in combination with 100 mg sildenafil tablets or matching placebo are shown in Figure 4.Figure 4: Mean Standing Systolic Blood Pressure Change from BaselineBlood pressure was measured after administration of sildenafil tablets at the same times as those specified for the previous doxazosin studies.

Missed Dose

There were three subjects who had a standing SBP of < 85 mmHg. All three were taking sildenafil tablets 100 mg, and all three reported mild adverse events at the time of reductions in standing SBP, including vasodilation and lightheadedness. There were four subjects with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following sildenafil tablets 100 mg, one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following placebo and one subject with a decrease from baseline in standing systolic BP > 30 mmHg following both sildenafil tablets and placebo. While there were no severe adverse events potentially related to blood pressure reported in this study, one subject reported moderate vasodilatation after both sildenafil tablets 50 mg and 100 mg. There were no episodes of syncope reported in this study.Effect of Sildenafil Tablets on Blood Pressure When Co-administered with Anti-hypertensives: When sildenafil tablets 100 mg oral was co-administered with amlodipine, 5 mg or 10 mg oral, to hypertensive patients, the mean additional reduction on supine blood pressure was 8 mmHg systolic and 7 mmHg diastolic.Effect of Sildenafil Tablets on Blood Pressure When Co-administered with Alcohol: Sildenafil tablets (50 mg) did not potentiate the hypotensive effect of alcohol (0.5 g/kg) in healthy volunteers with mean maximum blood alcohol levels of 0.08%.

Pulmonary hypertension

The maximum observed decrease in systolic blood pressure was -18.5 mmHg when sildenafil was co-administered with alcohol versus -17.4 canada sildenafil mmHg when alcohol was administered alone. The maximum observed decrease in diastolic blood pressure was -17.2 mmHg when sildenafil was co-administered with alcohol versus -11.1 mmHg when alcohol was administered alone. There were no reports of postural dizziness or orthostatic hypotension. The maximum recommended dose of 100 mg sildenafil was not evaluated in this study [see Drug Interactions(7.5)].Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Cardiac Parameters:Single oral doses of sildenafil up to 100 mg produced no clinically relevant changes in the ECGs of normal male volunteers.Studies have produced relevant data on the effects of sildenafil tablets on cardiac output. In one small, open-label, uncontrolled, pilot study, eight patients with stable ischemic heart disease underwent Swan-Ganz catheterization. Mean resting values for right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occluded pressure and cardiac output decreased by 28%, 28%, 20% and 7% respectively. Even though this total dosage produced plasma sildenafil concentrations which were approximately 2 to 5 times higher than the mean maximum plasma concentrations following a single oral dose of 100 mg in healthy male volunteers, the hemodynamic response to exercise was preserved in these patients.Table 3. Hemodynamic Data in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease after Intravenous Administration of 40 mg of SildenafilIn a double-blind study, 144 patients with erectile dysfunction and chronic stable angina limited by exercise, not receiving chronic oral nitrates, were randomized to a single dose of placebo or sildenafil tablets 100 mg 1 hour prior to exercise testing. The primary endpoint was time to limiting angina in the evaluable cohort. The mean times (adjusted for baseline) to onset of limiting angina were 423.6 and 403.7 seconds for sildenafil (N=70) and placebo, respectively. These results demonstrated that the effect of sildenafil tablets on the primary endpoint was statistically non-inferior to placebo.Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Vision:At single oral doses of 100 mg and 200 mg, transient dose-related impairment of color discrimination was detected using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, with peak effects near the time of peak plasma levels.

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  • The effect begins within 30 minutes for most users.
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  • Always adhere to prescribed doses for safety.

This finding is consistent with the inhibition of PDE6, which is involved in phototransduction in the retina. Subjects in the study reported this finding as difficulties in discriminating blue/green. An evaluation of visual function at doses up to twice the maximum recommended dose revealed no effects of sildenafil tablets on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, or pupillometry.Effects of Sildenafil Tablets on Sperm:There was no effect on sperm motility or morphology after single 100 mg oral doses of sildenafil tablets in healthy volunteers.12.3 PharmacokineticsSildenafil tablets are rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with a mean absolute bioavailability of 41% (range 25 to 63%). The pharmacokinetics of sildenafil are dose-proportional over the recommended dose range. It is eliminated predominantly by hepatic metabolism (mainly CYP3A4) and is converted to an active metabolite with properties similar to the parent, sildenafil. Both sildenafil and the metabolite have terminal half lives of about 4 hours.Mean sildenafil plasma concentrations measured after the administration of a single oral dose of 100 mg to healthy male volunteers is depicted below:Figure 5: Mean Sildenafil Plasma Concentrationsin Healthy Male Volunteers.Absorption and Distribution: Sildenafil tablets are rapidly absorbed. Maximum observed plasma concentrations are reached within 30 to 120 minutes (median 60 minutes) of oral dosing in the fasted state.

7.2 Alpha-blockers